A Add each component in the order specified in the product technical report. The entire process must be completed using a disperser or curing machine.

A The higher the concentration of the silica, the smaller the particle size, or the higher temperature, the easier to aggregate.

A Silica alone does not have film-forming properties, so it must be combined with resin when used as a coating.

A Colloidal solutions refer to dispersed phase particles sized between 1-100 nm, uniformly distributed in a continuous medium with stable dispersion. Colloidal solutions typically maintain high transparency. For long-term storage stability and uniformity, colloidal dispersion should be used. Slurries formed by dispersing solid powders in solution will precipitate within a short time. Additionally, colloidal products become difficult to redisperse once dried into powder.

A Aluminum, aluminum alloys, and iron substrates require three cleaning steps: solvent cleaning, gas cleaning, and alkaline degreasing to remove surface oil. After drying, roughening treatment must be performed using #60-#80 grit emery for sandblasting. After sandblasting, avoid direct hand contact with the surface. Apply the primer coating immediately after surface treatment. After 12 hours, a new oxide layer forms on the surface, affecting coating adhesion.

A Preheat substrates in an oven at 100-150°C before spraying, maintaining surface temperature above 45-55°C. Preheating prevents cratering and sagging.

A Craters are typically caused by oil contamination. Check: oil in compressed air; oil on substrate; oil on sandblasting grit. Moisture can also cause craters: check for moisture in compressed air; sharing production lines with water-based coatings. Additionally, when substrate temperature is below room temperature, condensation occurs. Preheating to 45-55°C prevents craters.

A Microscopic pinholes penetrating the entire film are usually caused by trapped air/solvent bubbles in the primer that slowly rise during curing. Rapid temperature rise during baking causes surface solvent to evaporate too quickly, trapping internal solvents whose bursting creates pinholes. Excessive spray gun pressure can also entrain air causing pinholes.

A Spray gun too close to substrate, excessive rotation speed, insufficient preheat temperature, or excessive coating thickness can all cause sagging.

A Causes include: substrate preheat temperature too high; excessive heating rate; coating film too thin; unfiltered coating; insufficient or excessive stirring before spraying. Proper pretreatment: disperse at 50-100 rpm for 10-20 minutes.

A Excessive coating thickness; coating volatilizes too quickly; excessive filler content in coating.

A Key factors: thorough degreasing and uniform sandblasting of all substrate areas. Insufficient drying temperature or time may also cause poor adhesion.

A Baking time too short/temperature too low; excessive substrate roughness; insufficient coating thickness; inherent low coating gloss; poor ventilation in baking equipment.

A Filter coating before application (use mesh size specified in manual); control pre-sintering environment (dust/airflow); clean substrate surface using soft brush/air gun to remove dust particles.

A Long-term high-temperature storage may promote particle agglomeration - refrigerated storage recommended. Water-dispersed colloids cannot be restored once frozen - store above 0°C. Keep containers sealed to prevent solvent evaporation. Use within 6 months of purchase (varies by product).

A Store at 5-8°C for maximum 45 days (uncured). Prevents agglomeration/sedimentation. Avoid freezing during winter storage.

A Cured coatings can be stored at 5-8°C for 3 days. Use promptly within this period.